📑 题目:18. 四数之和
题目大意
给定一个数组,要求在这个数组中找出 4 个数之和为 0 的所有组合。
解题思路
用 map 提前计算好任意 3 个数字之和,保存起来,可以将时间复杂度降到 O(n^3)。这一题比较麻烦的一点在于,最后输出解的时候,要求输出不重复的解。数组中同一个数字可能出现多次,同一个数字也可能使用多次,但是最后输出解的时候,不能重复。例如 [-1,1,2, -2] 和 [2, -1, -2, 1]、[-2, 2, -1, 1] 这 3 个解是重复的,即使 -1, -2 可能出现 100 次,每次使用的 -1, -2 的数组下标都是不同的。
这一题是第 15 题的升级版,思路都是完全一致的。这里就需要去重和排序了。map 记录每个数字出现的次数,然后对 map 的 key 数组进行排序,最后在这个排序以后的数组里面扫,找到另外 3 个数字能和自己组成 0 的组合。
第 15 题和第 18 题的解法一致。
代码
package leetcodeimport ""sort""// 解法一 双指针func fourSum(nums []int, target int) (quadruplets [][]int) {sort.Ints(nums)n := len(nums)for i := 0; i < n-3 && nums[i]+nums[i+1]+nums[i+2]+nums[i+3] <= target; i++ {if i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1] || nums[i]+nums[n-3]+nums[n-2]+nums[n-1] < target {continue}for j := i + 1; j < n-2 && nums[i]+nums[j]+nums[j+1]+nums[j+2] <= target; j++ {if j > i+1 && nums[j] == nums[j-1] || nums[i]+nums[j]+nums[n-2]+nums[n-1] < target {continue}for left, right := j+1, n-1; left < right; {if sum := nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[left] + nums[right]; sum == target {quadruplets = append(quadruplets, []int{nums[i], nums[j], nums[left], nums[right]})for left++; left < right && nums[left] == nums[left-1]; left++ {}for right--; left < right && nums[right] == nums[right+1]; right-- {}} else if sum < target {left++} else {right--}}}}return}// 解法二 kSumfunc fourSum1(nums []int, target int) [][]int {res, cur := make([][]int, 0), make([]int, 0)sort.Ints(nums)kSum(nums, 0, len(nums)-1, target, 4, cur, &res)return res}func kSum(nums []int, left, right int, target int, k int, cur []int, res *[][]int) {if right-left+1 < k || k < 2 || target < nums[left]*k || target > nums[right]*k {return}if k == 2 {// 2 sumtwoSum(nums, left, right, target, cur, res)} else {for i := left; i < len(nums); i++ {if i == left || (i > left && nums[i-1] != nums[i]) {next := make([]int, len(cur))copy(next, cur)next = append(next, nums[i])kSum(nums, i+1, len(nums)-1, target-nums[i], k-1, next, res)}}}}func twoSum(nums []int, left, right int, target int, cur []int, res *[][]int) {for left < right {sum := nums[left] + nums[right]if sum == target {cur = append(cur, nums[left], nums[right])temp := make([]int, len(cur))copy(temp, cur)*res = append(*res, temp)// reset cur to previous statecur = cur[:len(cur)-2]left++right--for left < right && nums[left] == nums[left-1] {left++}for left < right && nums[right] == nums[right+1] {right--}} else if sum < target {left++} else {right--}}}// 解法三func fourSum2(nums []int, target int) [][]int {res := [][]int{}counter := map[int]int{}for _, value := range nums {counter[value]++}uniqNums := []int{}for key := range counter {uniqNums = append(uniqNums, key)}sort.Ints(uniqNums)for i := 0; i < len(uniqNums); i++ {if (uniqNums[i]*4 == target) && counter[uniqNums[i]] >= 4 {res = append(res, []int{uniqNums[i], uniqNums[i], uniqNums[i], uniqNums[i]})}for j := i + 1; j < len(uniqNums); j++ {if (uniqNums[i]*3+uniqNums[j] == target) && counter[uniqNums[i]] > 2 {res = append(res, []int{uniqNums[i], uniqNums[i], uniqNums[i], uniqNums[j]})}if (uniqNums[j]*3+uniqNums[i] == target) && counter[uniqNums[j]] > 2 {res = append(res, []int{uniqNums[i], uniqNums[j], uniqNums[j], uniqNums[j]})}if (uniqNums[j]*2+uniqNums[i]*2 == target) && counter[uniqNums[j]] > 1 && counter[uniqNums[i]] > 1 {res = append(res, []int{uniqNums[i], uniqNums[i], uniqNums[j], uniqNums[j]})}for k := j + 1; k < len(uniqNums); k++ {if (uniqNums[i]*2+uniqNums[j]+uniqNums[k] == target) && counter[uniqNums[i]] > 1 {res = append(res, []int{uniqNums[i], uniqNums[i], uniqNums[j], uniqNums[k]})}if (uniqNums[j]*2+uniqNums[i]+uniqNums[k] == target) && counter[uniqNums[j]] > 1 {res = append(res, []int{uniqNums[i], uniqNums[j], uniqNums[j], uniqNums[k]})}if (uniqNums[k]*2+uniqNums[i]+uniqNums[j] == target) && counter[uniqNums[k]] > 1 {res = append(res, []int{uniqNums[i], uniqNums[j], uniqNums[k], uniqNums[k]})}c := target - uniqNums[i] - uniqNums[j] - uniqNums[k]if c > uniqNums[k] && counter[c] > 0 {res = append(res, []int{uniqNums[i], uniqNums[j], uniqNums[k], c})}}}}return res}
